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Language Explorer ​

Quantitative comparison of programming languages — measured from real code, not opinions.

Zig vs RustTwo modern takes on systems programming. Different tradeoffs.
Zig
ZigZig — Types: 12Zig — Control: 10Zig — Functions: 6Zig — OOP/Data: 5Zig — Memory: 15Zig — Concurrency: 5Zig — Metaprog: 5Zig — Errors: 7TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Rust
RustRust — Types: 22Rust — Control: 12Rust — Functions: 12Rust — OOP/Data: 12Rust — Memory: 22Rust — Concurrency: 10Rust — Metaprog: 10Rust — Errors: 10TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Zig Rust
Zig bets on simplicity — comptime, no hidden allocators, 65 concepts. Rust bets on safety — ownership, lifetimes, borrow checker, 110 concepts. Same polygon axes, radically different shapes.
ZigRust
Concepts to Learn
65
110
Keywords
49
58
Verbosity
1055
370
Ceremony
20%
30%
Safety
3.3 / 5
4.8 / 5
Safety how we score →
compile-timeruntimenone
Zig3.3 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Rust4.8 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Full Comparison →or explore all 14 languages

Expressiveness ​

How concise is the code? Averaged across 7 benchmark problems.

Language ↕Lines ↑Verbosity ↕Ceremony ↕
Clojure★8▼★182▼★0▼
Erlang★12▼★257▼★0▼
Objective-C★14▼★320▼★0.2▼
Ruby★14.3▼★206▼★0.2▼
Python★14.6▼★228▼★0.1▼
JavaScript★15.7▼★293▼★0.2▼
TypeScript★15.9▼★320▼★0.2▼
C#★16▼★291▼★0.4▼
Elixir★17.4▼★262▼★0.1▼
Kotlin★19.7▼★301▼★0.3▼
Haskell★21.9▼★661▼★0.2▼
Swift★22.3▼★436▼★0.3▼
Rust★22.6▼★370▼★0.3▼
Go★26.6▼★445▼★0.3▼
Java★26.6▼★478▼★0.4▼
Milo★26.9▼★593▼★0.3▼
C++★27.9▼★528▼★0.3▼
C★39.7▼★951▼★0.3▼
Zig★39.9▼★1055▼★0.2▼

Full metrics on the Compare page. Methodology →

TypeScript vs JavaScript — Types added — 100 vs 65 concepts, but stronger safety
TypeScript
TypeScriptTypeScript — Types: 22TypeScript — Control: 10TypeScript — Functions: 12TypeScript — OOP/Data: 14TypeScript — Memory: 2TypeScript — Concurrency: 10TypeScript — Metaprog: 14TypeScript — Errors: 16TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
JavaScript
JavaScriptJavaScript — Types: 6JavaScript — Control: 8JavaScript — Functions: 12JavaScript — OOP/Data: 10JavaScript — Memory: 2JavaScript — Concurrency: 10JavaScript — Metaprog: 10JavaScript — Errors: 7TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
TypeScript JavaScript
Safety how we score →
compile-timeruntimenone
TypeScript3.3 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
JavaScript2.3 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Compare TypeScript & JavaScript →
Python vs Haskell — Same total concepts (75), opposite shapes
Python
PythonPython — Types: 8Python — Control: 10Python — Functions: 10Python — OOP/Data: 18Python — Memory: 2Python — Concurrency: 10Python — Metaprog: 12Python — Errors: 5TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Haskell
HaskellHaskell — Types: 22Haskell — Control: 8Haskell — Functions: 15Haskell — OOP/Data: 3Haskell — Memory: 2Haskell — Concurrency: 8Haskell — Metaprog: 5Haskell — Errors: 12TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Python Haskell
Safety how we score →
compile-timeruntimenone
Python3.8 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Haskell4.8 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Compare Python & Haskell →
Rust vs Go — Systems safety vs simplicity
Rust
RustRust — Types: 22Rust — Control: 12Rust — Functions: 12Rust — OOP/Data: 12Rust — Memory: 22Rust — Concurrency: 10Rust — Metaprog: 10Rust — Errors: 10TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Go
GoGo — Types: 10Go — Control: 8Go — Functions: 6Go — OOP/Data: 8Go — Memory: 5Go — Concurrency: 10Go — Metaprog: 3Go — Errors: 8TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Rust Go
Safety how we score →
compile-timeruntimenone
Rust4.8 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Go3.5 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Compare Rust & Go →
C vs Zig — C successor — similar size (60 vs 65), more safety
C
CC — Types: 12C — Control: 8C — Functions: 6C — OOP/Data: 4C — Memory: 15C — Concurrency: 5C — Metaprog: 6C — Errors: 4TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Zig
ZigZig — Types: 12Zig — Control: 10Zig — Functions: 6Zig — OOP/Data: 5Zig — Memory: 15Zig — Concurrency: 5Zig — Metaprog: 5Zig — Errors: 7TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
C Zig
Safety how we score →
compile-timeruntimenone
C0 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Zig3.3 / 5
MemoryNullRaceOverflowCoercion
Compare C & Zig →