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C++ ​

SystemsStatic

The largest language by surface area (135 concepts) — decades of features from templates to coroutines to concepts. Ubiquitous in games, finance, browsers, and performance-critical infrastructure. Benchmarks show high verbosity and symbol density, reflecting the breadth of features accumulated across 40+ years of standardization.

Quality
QualityQuality — Fewer Lines: 12Quality — Fewer Concepts: 11Quality — Low Noise: 0.5Quality — Safe: 1.1Quality — Lightweight: 0.10000000000000003Quality — Info per Line: 3.3Fewer LinesFewer ConceptsLow NoiseSafeLightweightInfo per Line
Concept Distribution
Concept DistributionConcept Distribution — Types: 25Concept Distribution — Control: 12Concept Distribution — Functions: 15Concept Distribution — OOP/Data: 22Concept Distribution — Memory: 20Concept Distribution — Concurrency: 12Concept Distribution — Metaprog: 18Concept Distribution — Errors: 11TypesControlFunctionsOOP/DataMemoryConcurrencyMetaprogErrors
Safety1.1 / 5
Memory
Runtime (opt-in)
unique_ptr/shared_ptr available but raw pointers common
Null
Runtime (opt-in)
std::optional exists but nullable pointers are default
Data Races
None
No compile-time prevention — data races are UB
Overflow
None
Silent wraparound for unsigned, UB for signed
Coercion
None
Extensive implicit conversions (int→double, bool→int)
Compile-timeRuntimeOpt-inNone
How we score
Expressivenessavg across benchmarks
Lines
27.9
Verbosity
528
Ceremony
0.3
Surface Area135 concepts
92 reserved keywords
Types
25
Control
12
Functions
15
OOP/Data
22
Memory
20
Concurrency
12
Metaprog
18
Errors
11
How we measure
Explicitness
68% explicit32% implicit
68% of 135 concepts have dedicated keyword syntax. The rest are learned through documentation and practice.
AI Readiness
Type Coverage
Fully Static
LLM Tokens
220.1
Tok/Line
8.1
Lower tokens = cheaper API calls. Higher type coverage = more for AI to work with.

Solutions ​

View all C++ solutions in the problem pages.